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21.
Our study describes and evaluates environmental influences on assemblages of aquatic Coleoptera and Heteroptera in artificial ponds situated near Lake Steinhude in Lower Saxony (Germany). We determined temporal dynamics and colonization patterns for 14 ponds of different age. In total, we recorded 4941 individuals that represented 87 species of aquatic beetles and bugs. Between 30 and 40 species were found in most of the ponds. Heteropteran species of the families Corixidae and Notonectidae acted as pioneer species in new ponds, while aquatic coleopterans predominated in older ponds. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) showed that among the key factors affecting community structure were land use, vegetation cover, water chemistry and the age of the ponds. We found that the distribution of adjacent ponds on areas with different land use has a positive influence on the diversity and abundance of the aquatic insect fauna. 相似文献
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根分泌的化感物质及其对土壤生物产生的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
植物根系分泌物包含多种功能次生物质,其中化感物质是具有重要生理生化功能的一类物质,这些化感物质释放到根际,能够对土壤生物产生影响。现已发现,根系是化感物质进入环境的重要通道。因此,研究根分泌的化感物质具有重要的理论和实践意义。总结了根分泌化感物质的种类及其化感效应,论述了化感物质在土壤中的迁移、转化及影响因素,分析了生物和非生物因素与根系分泌化感物质之间的关系。此外,根系分泌化感物质的研究手段对于所取得的研究结果至关重要,其中根分泌物收集系统（CRETS）是收集根分泌化感物质的常用而且可行的方法之一。对于根分泌化感物质的分离鉴定技术有多种,可根据需要选择适宜的分离方法。还重点列举了一些作物根分泌的化感物质对土壤生物产生的直接和间接影响,阐明了根分泌的化感物质在土壤中所起的重要化感作用。根分泌物化感作用的研究已成为土壤生态学领域的热点与前沿课题,自然条件下原位收集鉴定植物根系分泌物中的化感物质等诸多问题是该领域今后的研究重点。 相似文献
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Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
Excluding the sponges the Kingdom Animalia is usually divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The Cambrian Explosion consists of three major episodes, two of which were in the early Early Cambrian (one represented by the small skeletal fossils “SSFs” at the base of the Cambrian and the other represented by the succeeding Chengjiang faunas “CFs”), and the other episode as their prelude took place in the “Eocambrian” (i.e. the latest Precambrian), represented by the Ediacaran faunas. This unique Big Bang of life has been recognized as giving birth to the entire morphological Tree Of Animals (or metazoans), in short the TOA. Its “seed” in the deep Precambrian, represented by some sort of protist from which the complete TOA must have grown, remains unknown paleontologically. However, the fossil evidence suggests that the three major episodes of the Cambrian Explosion are responsible for the earliest radiations of the three subkingdoms of animals respectively. While the observed Ediacaran fauna might constitute only a small part of the whole Ediacaran biota, our evidence supports that it was dominated by diploblasts (the “trunk” of the TOA) with only a few possible stem-group triploblasts. The Early Cambrian in turn in two phases explosively yielded almost all the major triploblastic crown-branches (Bilateria: the huge “crown” of the TOA), which include the other two subkingdoms: first the extremely diverse protostomes in the Meishucunian Age and then followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes from the Chengjiang, including even its most derived member – the earliest true vertebrates. Among the four most significant milestones of morphological origins and radiations in animal history, the first one (i.e. appearance of metazoans) took place in the Ediacaran Period or earlier times, and the other three can be seen in the windows available from the Chengjiang and the Meishucunian fossil assemblages. The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia, which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division, most probably represents one of the roots of the deuterostome subkingdom. Showing a mosaic of basic features possessed in both the bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms, the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of the roots of the extant pentamerous echinoderms. Standing on the “top” of the deuterostome super-branch in the early Cambrian TOA are the “the first fish” Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, which bear paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae. These animals represent the real root of the remainder of the vertebrates or craniates. On the contrary, yunnanozoans, including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella, possess neither eyes nor unequivocal vertebrae, and may have nothing to do with the craniates, let alone the vertebrates. Those enigmatic creatures share a similar body-plan with vetulicolians and should be treated as a side-branch within the lower deuterostomes. 相似文献
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通过详细的野外观察和室内镜下薄片分析,于中三叠统关岭组二段中初步识别出8种微相类型。结合宏观沉积构造及罗平生物群保存特征,认为云南罗平关岭组二段为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积,可划分出深水盆地、深缓坡、深缓坡远端变陡、浅缓坡和后缓坡5个沉积相。沉积相在垂向上是向上变浅(海退)的沉积序列。罗平生物群的沉积环境为深水、低能、安静的海洋环境,突发的风暴事件导致了生物群大量死亡,并被迅速埋藏。 相似文献
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本文报道澄江生物群似斜纹海绵属Paradiagoniella的两个新种：橄榄形似斜纹海绵P.oliviformis sp. nov. 和锥形似斜纹海绵P. conicasp. nov. 。两个新种具有似斜纹海绵属的基本特征：体壁薄;由排列不规则、分级的十字骨针为基底构成骨骼;除十字骨针外,还穿插排列有五射针、六射针、弯弓形和针形双尖单轴针等。然而与模式种不同,两个新种十字骨针分级不明显;同时,两个新种在外形、骨针组成、最大十字骨针射长比等方面,与本属的其他种都存在明显差异。新材料的发现增加了寒武纪早期原始海绵物种多样性,为研究海绵动物早期起源演化提供了新信息。 相似文献